Albert Einstein: The Workings Of A Genius, His Life and Universe

By Faith Barbara N Ruhinda updated at 1456 EAT on Tuesday 29 April 2025

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity.

Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics to quantum His mass energy equivalence formula which arises from special relatively, has been called “the world’s most famous equation.

He reveived the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for.

Born in the German Empire, Einstein moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the kingdom of wurttemberg the following year.

In 1897, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss federal polytechnic federal school in Zurich graduating in 1900.

He acquired Swiss citizenship a year later, which he kept for the rest of his life, and afterwards secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent office in Bern.

In 1905, he submitted a successful PhD dissertation to the University of Zurich.

In 1914, he moved to Berlin to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin, becoming director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in 1917; he also became a German citizen again, this time as a subject of the kingdom prussia.

In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States,Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in Germany. Horrified by the Nazi persecution of his fellow Jews, he decided to remain in the US, and was granted American citizenship in 1940.

On the eve of World war II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommending that the US begin similar research.

In 1905, sometimes described as his annus mirabilis (miracle year), he published four groundbreaking papers.

In them, he outlined a theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced his special theory of relativity, and demonstrated that if the special theory is correct, mass and energy are equivalent to each other

In 1915, he proposed a general theory of relativity that extended his system of mechanics to incorporate gravitation.

A cosmological paper that he published the following year laid out the implications of general relativity for the modeling of the structure and evolution of the universe as a whole as a whole.

In 1917, Einstein wrote a paper which introduced the concepts of spontaneous emission and stimulated, the latter of which is the core mechanism behind the laser and maser, and which contained a trove of information that would be beneficial to developments in physics later on, such as aquantum electrodynamics and quantum optics.

In the middle part of his career, Einstein made important contributions to statistical mechanics and quantum theory.

Especially notable was his work on the quantum physics of radiatoon, in which light consists of particles, subsequently called photos, With physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, he laid the groundwork for Bose-Einstein statistics.

For much of the last phase of his academic life, Einstein worked on two endeavors that ultimately proved unsuccessful. First, he advocated against quantum theory’s introduction of fundamental randomness into science’s picture of the world.

Second, he attempted to devise a unified field theory by generalizing his geometric theory of gravitation to include electromagnetism include. As a result, he became increasingly isolated from mainstream modern physics.

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