Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major issue for people living with HIV/aids in Uganda. HIV is the leading risk factor for development of TB, and TB is the leading cause of death among people with HIV/aids. In 2016, HIV prevalence in Uganda was estimated at 8.1%, and 25% of people with TB were co-infected with HIV/aids.

As a result, a focus on delivering integrated TB/HIV services began in 2010. Between 2011 and 2017, the USAID-funded programme Strengthening Uganda’s Systems for Treating AIDS Nationally (SUSTAIN) has resulted in a 14% increase (from 86% to 98%) for HIV testing and counselling for TB patients, and a 40% increase (50% to 90.1%) in initiation onto ART for people with TB who test positive for HIV.